capacitors - meaning and definition. What is capacitors
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What (who) is capacitors - definition

PASSIVE, TWO-TERMINAL ELECTRONIC COMPONENT THAT STORES ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN AN ELECTRIC FIELD
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  • Several axial-lead [[electrolytic capacitor]]s
  • A surface-mount capacitor. The plates, not visible, are layered horizontally between ceramic dielectric layers, and connect alternately to either end-cap, which are visible.
  • In the [[hydraulic analogy]], a capacitor is analogous to a rubber membrane sealed inside a pipe – this animation illustrates a membrane being repeatedly stretched and un-stretched by the flow of water, which is analogous to a capacitor being repeatedly charged and discharged by the flow of charge.
  • A 10,000 [[microfarad]] capacitor in an amplifier power supply
  • 3D model of capacitor
  • Two different circuit models of a real capacitor
  • Charge separation in a parallel-plate capacitor causes an internal electric field. A dielectric (orange) reduces the field and increases the capacitance.
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  • Capacitor materials. From left: multilayer ceramic, ceramic disc, multilayer polyester film, tubular ceramic, polystyrene, metalized polyester film, aluminum electrolytic. Major scale divisions are in centimetres.
  • A high-voltage capacitor bank used for [[power-factor correction]] on a power transmission system
  • Three aluminum electrolytic capacitors of varying capacity
  • Example of a simple oscillator incorporating a capacitor
  • The interleaved capacitor can be seen as a combination of several parallel connected capacitors.
  • Illustration of the serial connection of two capacitors
  • Illustration of the parallel connection of two capacitors
  • Battery of four [[Leyden jar]]s in [[Museum Boerhaave]], [[Leiden]], the [[Netherlands]]
  • This mylar-film, oil-filled capacitor has very low inductance and low resistance, to provide the high-power (70 megawatt) and high speed (1.2 microsecond) discharge needed to operate a [[dye laser]].
  • Parallel plate capacitor model consists of two conducting plates, each of area ''A'', separated by a gap of thickness ''d'' containing a dielectric.
  • SMD]] ceramic at top left; SMD tantalum at bottom left; [[through-hole]] tantalum at top right; through-hole electrolytic at bottom right. Major scale divisions are cm.
  • A simple demonstration capacitor made of two parallel metal plates, using an air gap as the dielectric
  • Polyester [[film capacitor]]s are frequently used as coupling capacitors.
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capacitor         
(capacitors)
A capacitor is a device for accumulating electric charge.
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capacitor         
<electronics> An electronic device that can store electrical charge. The charge stored Q in Coulombs is related to the capacitance C in Farads and the voltage V across the capacitor in Volts by Q = CV. The basis of a dynamic RAM cell is a capacitor. They are also used for power-supply smoothing (or "decoupling"). This is especially important in digital circuits where a digital device switching between states causes a sudden demand for current. Without sufficient local power supply decoupling, this current "spike" cannot be supplied directly from the power supply due to the inductance of the connectors and so will cause a sharp drop in the power supply voltage near the switching device. This can cause other devices to malfunction resulting in hard to trace glitches. (1995-04-12)
Capacitor         
A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field. It is a passive electronic component with two terminals.

Wikipedia

Capacitor

A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field by virtue of accumulating electric charges on two close surfaces insulated from each other. It is a passive electronic component with two terminals.

The effect of a capacitor is known as capacitance. While some capacitance exists between any two electrical conductors in proximity in a circuit, a capacitor is a component designed to add capacitance to a circuit. The capacitor was originally known as the condenser, a term still encountered in a few compound names, such as the condenser microphone.

The physical form and construction of practical capacitors vary widely and many types of capacitor are in common use. Most capacitors contain at least two electrical conductors often in the form of metallic plates or surfaces separated by a dielectric medium. A conductor may be a foil, thin film, sintered bead of metal, or an electrolyte. The nonconducting dielectric acts to increase the capacitor's charge capacity. Materials commonly used as dielectrics include glass, ceramic, plastic film, paper, mica, air, and oxide layers. Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices. Unlike a resistor, an ideal capacitor does not dissipate energy, although real-life capacitors do dissipate a small amount (see Non-ideal behavior). When an electric potential difference (a voltage) is applied across the terminals of a capacitor, for example when a capacitor is connected across a battery, an electric field develops across the dielectric, causing a net positive charge to collect on one plate and net negative charge to collect on the other plate. No current actually flows through the dielectric. However, there is a flow of charge through the source circuit. If the condition is maintained sufficiently long, the current through the source circuit ceases. If a time-varying voltage is applied across the leads of the capacitor, the source experiences an ongoing current due to the charging and discharging cycles of the capacitor.

The earliest forms of capacitors were created in the 1740s, when European experimenters discovered that electric charge could be stored in water-filled glass jars that came to be known as Leyden jars. Today, capacitors are widely used in electronic circuits for blocking direct current while allowing alternating current to pass. In analog filter networks, they smooth the output of power supplies. In resonant circuits they tune radios to particular frequencies. In electric power transmission systems, they stabilize voltage and power flow. The property of energy storage in capacitors was exploited as dynamic memory in early digital computers, and still is in modern DRAM.

Examples of use of capacitors
1. Ultracapacitors take the best of both, stacking capacitors to increase capacity while maintaining the speed of simple capacitors.
2. The fine plastic hairs are attached to membranes with built–in electrodes and capacitors.
3. The simplest capacitors found in computers and radios hold less energy but can charge or discharge instantly.
4. If users are worried they might have a problem, look for swelling on the tops and base of the capacitors.
5. Hebner said vehicles require bursts of energy to accelerate, a task better suited for capacitors than batteries.